中文摘要：口渴會促使動物喝水以保持體液平衡?？诳释ǔ１灰暈閷ρ萘炕驈埩ψ兓姆€(wěn)態(tài)反應。然而，大多數飲酒行為的調節(jié)速度太快，無法直接由血液成分控制，相反，似乎在穩(wěn)態(tài)失衡出現之前就預測了它們。如何實現這一點仍然未知。在這里，我們揭示了穹窿下器官（SFO）在小鼠口渴的預期調節(jié)中的意想不到的作用。通過監(jiān)測深部腦鈣動力學，我們發(fā)現促進口渴的SFO神經元在進食和飲水過程中對口腔的輸入做出反應，然后將這些輸入與有關血液成分的信息整合在一起。這種整合使SFO神經元能夠預測持續(xù)的食物和水消耗將如何改變未來的體液平衡，然后先發(fā)制人地調整行為?；パa的光遺傳學操作表明，這種預期調節(jié)對于在幾種情況下的飲酒是必要的。這些發(fā)現提供了一種神經機制來解釋長期的行為觀察，包括進餐時飲酒的普遍性，口渴的快速飽腹感，以及口腔冷卻是解渴的事實。

英文摘要：Thirst motivates animals to drink in order to maintain fluid balance. Thirst has conventionally been viewed as a homeostatic response to changes in blood volume or tonicity. However, most drinking behaviour is regulated too rapidly to be controlled by blood composition directly, and instead seems to anticipate homeostatic imbalances before they arise. How this is achieved remains unknown. Here we reveal an unexpected role for the subfornical organ (SFO) in the anticipatory regulation of thirst in mice. By monitoring deep-brain calcium dynamics, we show that thirst-promoting SFO neurons respond to inputs from the oral cavity during eating and drinking and then integrate these inputs with information about the composition of the blood. This integration allows SFO neurons to predict how ongoing food and water consumption will alter fluid balance in the future and then to adjust behaviour pre-emptively. Complementary optogenetic manipulations show that this anticipatory modulation is necessary for drinking in several contexts. These findings provide a neural mechanism to explain longstanding behavioural observations, including the prevalence of drinking during meals, the rapid satiation of thirst, and the fact that oral cooling is thirst-quenching.

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